Lesson for Children with Learning Disabilities - 1468 Words

Introduction Learning disability is a term misused severally. In essence, it applies to students who have different learning challenges. Most people associate learning disability to the development of a child, thus assuming that it is a short-term condition and disappears as the person matures. The accepted definition, provided by the National Adult Literacy and Learning Disability Center states that; learning disability is generic and refers to a composite group of disorders that become evident in the person; through observing that they have challenges in the acquisition and use of speaking, listening, reading, reasoning and execution of mathematical concepts, as well as, understanding social skills. As teachers process the learning†¦show more content†¦The child possesses difficulties understanding and manipulating problems from the visual aspect to mental understanding of word problems. Thus, the initial aspect of the strategy to employ is to help the student identify his weaknesses and strengths, which will make the strategies I apply effective in the learning process (Aster Shalev, 2007). Tackling the strand of geometry and spatial sense, I will draft a lesson plan that best fits the development and accommodation of all students in the class. Secondly, the practices will also entail, avoiding memory overload for the students, by giving them practice work for the skills learned that is manageable. I will build the retention ability of the student by providing review and short continuous assessment within a few days of learning. This way, I will evaluate the understanding and impact of the lesson on the students. I will also reduce the interference of concepts by separating closely related concepts, to give the student space to grasp the rules and their application without mixing them mentally. I will also incorporate meaningful practical aspects in the lesson, providing visual learning aids to help the student visualize the concepts, and consequently relate the concepts form the graphical aids to real word problems. Moreover, the use of real life situations as illustrations in the lesson will help the student to relate concepts in theShow MoreRelatedWhat Is A Learning Disability?1280 Words   |  6 PagesChildren are uniquely made by God and the parents that he has entrusted to have stewardship over their lives. There are no two children that are exactly alike. They may have similar tendencies or characteristics, but there is something different about each individual that will eventually come to the surface. This report will give in-depth insight on a student with learning disabilities that is included in a regular classroom, receives classroom modifications, according to his IEP, and receives additionalRead MoreThe Different Types Of Disabilities876 Words   |  4 Pages The different types of disabilities In today’s society, there are numerous of disabilities that people struggle with on a daily bases. These disabilities have to be address in academic environment, especially for children. In an academic environment educators have to be able to identify intellectual disabilities, autism, multiple disabilities, and design a curriculum that will help develop their learning skills.† As a matter of policy and mandate, meaningful literacy education must be providedRead MoreStudents With Intellectual Disabilities ( Id )1107 Words   |  5 PagesIntellectual Disabilities (ID) in a classroom setting. I had interviewed Ms. Chisolm (Special Education Teacher) for the Jersey City Public Schools District, who works with students of multiple disabilities. Intelligence disabilities (ID) mean the mental capabilities of a child’s knowledge and skills. Intellectual disability can be developed during childbirth or before the age of eighteen. It is imperative for me to know,  "What are the characteristics of students with intellectual disabilities? Ms. ChisolmRead MoreAuditory Processing Disorder884 Words   |  4 Pagesrelated to the brains inability to process auditory information correctly. Children with APD have normal development of their outer, middle, and inner ear. Thus, the hearing in the child is satisfactory. However the disability is in the brains lack of ability to understanding and decoding sounds, specifically sounds which compose speech. Children with APD have trouble processing the sounds heard into letters and words. Many children may hear fewer words which were really spoken, giving them the impressionRead MoreThe Education For All Handicapped Children Act (Eha) Had957 Words   |  4 Pagesfor all Handicapped Children Act (EHA) had an overall goal of desegregating disabled children in schools, as well as work on integrating them in classrooms with their non-disabled peers. Until the Civil Rights Movement, not much attention was brought to the fact that children with disabilities had very little rights and were kept isolated and not given a proper education, if any at all. Because of the attention brought to the poor and unjust treatment of children with disabilities and the significantRead MoreExceptionalities in Education1709 Words   |  7 PagesRUNNING HEAD: Exceptionalities Teaching for Exceptionalities Grashal Parker Grand Canyon University: SPE-526 December 2, 2011 Teaching for Exceptionalities Children with learning differences have always been a part of the community. Teaching children with learning differences began as a one on one setting, usually separate from typical schools. In the past, students’ with exceptionalities were often segregated from the regular classroom. Mainstreaming began the process of integrating themRead MoreHistorical Background Of Special Education Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesStatistics 13 percent of the total number of enrollment in the public school were receiving federally supported special education programs†. (National Center for Education Statistics) The goal of special education is for all students with or without a disability to be educated in the least restrictive environment. It is the common belief that special needs students should be placed in the general education classroom with their non-disabled peers a term called inclusion. Inclusion hasn’t come easy! ThereRead MoreSpecial Needs : Teaching Needs1573 Words   |  7 Pagesclassroom and have just a little more help with learning how to read. Why did he need to go into a special needs classroom? How would going into the special needs classroom help him? I already knew that kids with special needs needed more help and that going to a special needs class would get them that help. I also knew that kids with a variety of disabilities went into a special education classroom. I didn’t know much more than that or how those children were taught. I needed to how these students inRead MoreEssay about Special Needs Research Results1313 Words   |  6 Pagesschool, and they must be fully included. Students with learning disabilities are not pulled out for science class: this method is only reserved for reading and math, generally. It is the classroom teachers duty to see that every student is working and participating in science. All teachers also said that it is helpful to obtain lesson ideas from the special education teacher to be sure that all of the students will have a beneficial science lesson. Mrs. G. added that team teaching with the special educationRead MoreStudents With Learning Disabilities Academic Needs Essay1069 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the challenges that can occur within integrated classroom is students with learning disabilities academic needs are not being meet. For teachers to successfully enforce integrated classroom they need all the same resources a special education classroom receives for the stude nts. What can occur unfortunately classroom population for teacher and student’s ratio is increasing, and can have a negative effect for student academic performance. For a classroom to be successful the classroom size

Amyotrophic Later Sclerosis Essay - 1987 Words

There are many known diseases in the world that we live in today affecting a wide range of individuals of different ages, ethnicities, and genders. With each type of disease comes a diagnosis, prognosis, and potential for a cure from one of life’s many ailments. Over the course of time, technology has began to lead the way in discovering as well as treating many disease in which doctors previously knew little about. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), often referred to as Lou Gehrig’s disease, was first described in 1869 by French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot. In 1939 ALS brought international attention when Lou Gehrig abruptly retired from baseball after being diagnosed with the disease(6). Today there are as many as 20,000†¦show more content†¦Once motor neurons die, the brain has an inability to initiate impulses and control muscle movement of the body. Over the course of time as connections between muscles and nerves are damage muscles will grad ually become weaker, twitch, and atrophy. There are many symptoms during the onset of ALS that are often overlooked that can include: Twitching, cramping, muscle stiffness or weakness, slurred and or nasal speech, or difficulty chewing or swallowing. Each patients symptoms vary depending on what muscles are damage first. Individuals can initially have the lower extremities affected or the upper extremities as well as noticeable speech problems. Damage to upper motor neurons can cause spastic muscles and contributes to an increase in reflexes, such as the gag reflex(7). Muscles may become weaker, however, patients are still able to perform voluntary muscle contractions with sensation still intact. Lower motor neuron damage is linked to muscles weakness, atrophy, cramps, twitching, and a decline of reflexes(BOOK). As the disease progresses throughout the patients body, they have increasing problems with muscle movement, maintaining weight, speaking, and swallowing. As muscles of the respiratory system weaken, patients also have difficulty breathing on their own and must depend on a ventilatorShow MoreRelatedEssay on What is Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?1064 Words   |  5 PagesAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis is short for ALS, and is often referred to as â€Å"Lou Gehrig’s disease.† Lou Gehrig was born in New York in June 19, 1903. In April of 1923, Lou Gehrig signed his first contract with the New York Yankees. He played for the Yankees for 15 years and lead them to 6 World Series between 1927 and 1938. Gehrig was known as a seven-time all-star champion, for his batting average and was named twice the American Leagues MVP; He later earned the name of the Iron Horse (Lou GehrigRead MoreSpeech Amyotrophic Lateral Disease : Is A Chronic And Terminal Disease That Affects The Lower And Upper Motor Neurons1725 Words   |  7 PagesThis research paper is being written to address Amyotrophic lateral disease (ALS), which is a chronic and termina l disease that affects the lower and upper motor neurons (Srivastava, 2014). ALS is usually fatal within a few years of inception and affects 2-5 per 100,000 people annually worldwide (Donnelly, Grima, Sattler, 2014). This disease usually affects the patient physically and emotionally and as well as their support system. As of this year, no cure has been developed for this disease. TheRead MoreDestruction Of The Neurons Responsible For Involuntary Muscle Movement1593 Words   |  7 PagesAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also called Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a neurodegenerative motor disease that results in the destruction of the neurons responsible for involuntary muscle movement (NINDS 2014). Patients are determined to have ALS if they have both upper motor neuron disease and lower motor neuron disease (Gordon 2011). Many people that have been diagnosed with ALS are seen in wheelchairs or if the person is in the early onset of ALS, using other walkingRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ( Als )1602 Words   |  7 PagesAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects the brain and spinal cord nerve cells. The degeneration of these neurons result in their death, which prevents the brain from initiating voluntary muscle movement. Patients may not experience the same symptoms throughout the phases, early symptoms include difficulties swallowing, breathing, speaking, and increasing muscle weakness.Read MoreThe Consequences Of Mutations1075 Words   |  5 Pagesanticonvulsants to treat seizures that may occur due to the disease (Kaback, n.d.). Another disease caused by an insertion mutation is ALS. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, also called Lou Gehrig’s disease after the famous baseball player with this condition, is a disease that causes the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the body (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), n.d.). In approximately 90% of ALS cases, the disease is sporadic, which means that the affected individual did not develop theRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Essay1181 Words   |  5 PagesAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, also known as ALS or sometimes called Lou Gehrig’s Disease, is a progressive neurological disease affecting the nerves that control voluntary muscle movement. It is the most common type of motor neuron disease. The body isn’t able to operate as it normally does due to the muscles weakening overtime. As the disease progresses, it starts to damage nerves of other vital areas of the body. When the body isn’t able to breath the way it should causing respiratory failureRead MoreAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Muscular Atrophy: an Annotated Bibliography1388 Words   |  6 PagesAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Muscular Atrophy: An Annotated Bibliography Abramovitz, Melissa. Lou Gehrigs Disease p17-61. Treatment for ALS or Lou Gehrigs disease has found that Vitamin E and the drug known as Riluzole can help the progression of the disease. When taking the medication Riluzole it has shown to prolong survival in patients by two to three months and it has also delayed the use for breathing support. There is a few side effects to taking Riluzole, such as headache, dizzinessRead MoreA Brief Note On Lateral Sclerosis ( Als )955 Words   |  4 PagesAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) has been heard of at some point whether it was studied in school, talked about through word of mouth, or one decided to partake in the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge that swept the internet recently in support of the disease. This paper is going to delve into explaining the manifestations of this disease, its treatment and talk about the man this disease was named after. ALS is also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease named after the notable baseball player, Henry Louis â€Å"Lou†Read MoreEssay about Als Outline1145 Words   |  5 PagesSPC2608 Section # September 18, 2011 Title: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Topic: The unknowns of ALS Specific Purpose: To inform my audience on being aware of ALS. Thesis Statement: INTRODUCTION Attention Material: Have you ever heard of ALS, better known as Lou Gehrig’s disease? For many people, ALS is a disorder that they may not know much about. I never heard of it either until my father was diagnosed with this disease in 2006. Because there is no known cure, it is importantRead MoreA Brief Note On The Ice Bucket Challenge Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pagesterms of ALS, only so much can be covered to be able to be considered an overview. There are various symptoms in correlation to the onset of the disease, most of which could be because of the presence of biomarkers in those affected. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is categorized as a progressive neurodegenerative and fatal affliction. It is most commonly regarded as Lou Gehrig’s disease in the United States because the famously known baseball player, Lou Gehrig, came down with the disease back

Pablo Picasso And His Artistic Life Essay Example For Students

Pablo Picasso And His Artistic Life Essay Pablo picassoAnd his Artistic Life A report byterra hardmanIntroductionPablo Picasso was a Spanish painter and sculptor, generally considered the greatest artist of the 20th century. He was unique as an inventor of forms, as an innovator of styles and techniques, as a master of various media, and as one of the most prolific artists in history. He created more than 20,000 works. Picassos genius manifested itself early: at the age of 10 he made his first paintings, and at 15 he performed brilliantly on the entrance examinations to Barcelonas School of Fine Arts. Family lifeBorn in M?laga on October 25, 1881, Picasso was the son of Jos? Ruiz Blasco, an art teacher, and Mar?a Picasso y Lopez. Until 1898 he always used his fathers name, Ruiz, and his mothers maiden name, Picasso, to sign his pictures. After about 1901 he dropped Ruiz and used his mothers maiden name to sign his pictures. His large academic canvas Science and Charity, depicting a doctor, a nun, and a child at a sick womans bedside, won a gold medal. We will write a custom essay on Pablo Picasso And His Artistic Life specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Blue Period Between 1900 and 1902, Picasso made three trips to Paris, finally settling there in 1904. He found the citys bohemian street life fascinating, and his pictures of people in dance halls and caf?s show how he assimilated the postimpressionism of Paul Gauguin and the symbolist painters called the Nabis. The themes of Edgar Degas and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, as well as the style of the latter, exerted the strongest influence. Picassos Blue Room reflects the work of both these painters and, at the same time, shows his evolution toward the Blue Period, so called because various shades of blue dominated his work for the next few years. Expressing human misery, the paintings portray blind figures, beggars, alcoholics, and prostitutes, their somewhat elongated bodies reminiscent of works by the Spanish artist El Greco. Rose Period in Paris, Picasso met Fernande Shortly after settling Olivier, the first of many companions to influence the theme, style, and mood of his work. With this happy relationship, Picasso changed his palette to pinks and reds; the years 1904 and 1905 are thus called the Rose Period. Many of his subjects were drawn from the circus, which he visited several times a week; one such painting is Family of Saltimbanques. In the figure of the harlequin, Picasso represented his alter ego, a practice he repeated in later works as well. Dating from his first decade in Paris are friendships with the poet Max Jacob, the writer Guillaume Apollinaire, the art dealers Ambroise Vollard and Daniel Henry Kahnweiler, and the American expatriate writers Gertrude Stein and her brother Leo, who were his first important patrons; Picasso did portraits of them all. Protocubism In the summer of 1906, during Picassos stay in Gosol, Spain, his work entered a new phase, marked by the influence of Greek, Iberian, and African art. His celebrated portrait of Gertrude Stein reveals a masklike treatment of her face. The key work of this early period, however, is Les demoiselles dAvignon, so radical in style—its picture surface resembling fractured glass—that it was not even understood by contemporary avant-garde painters and critics. Destroyed were spatial depth and the ideal form of the female nude, which Picasso restructured into harsh, angular planes. Cubism—Analytic and Synthetic Inspired by the volumetric treatment of form by the French postimpressionist artist Paul Cezanne, Picasso and the French artist Georges Braque painted landscapes in 1908 in a style later described by a critic as being made of â€Å"little cubes,† thus leading to the term cubism. Some of their paintings are so similar that it is difficult to tell them apart. Working together between 1908 and 1911, they were concerned with breaking down and analyzing form, and together they developed the first phase of cubism, known as analytic cubism. Monochromatic color schemes were favored in their depictions of radically fragmented motifs, whose several sides were shown simultaneously. Picassos favorite subjects were musical instruments, still-life objects, and his friends. In 1912, pasting paper and a piece of oilcloth to the canvas and combining these with painted areas, Picasso created his first collage, Still Life with Chair Caning. This technique marked a transition to synthetic cubism. This second phase of cubism is more decorative, and color plays a major role, although shapes remain fragmented and flat. Picasso was to practice synthetic cubism throughout his career, but by no means exclusively. Cubist Sculpture Picasso created cubist sculptures as well as paintings. He also made constructions—such as Mandolin and Clarinet f rom odds and ends of wood, metal, paper, and nonartistic materials, in which he explored the spatial hypotheses of cubist painting. His Glass of Absinthe, combining a silver sugar strainer with a painted bronze sculpture, anticipates his much later â€Å"found object† creations, such as Baboon and Young, as well as pop art objects of the 1960s. Realist and Surrealist Works During World War I (1914-1918), Picasso went to Rome, working as a designer with Sergey Diaghilev and the Ballets Russes. He met and married the dancer Olga Koklova. In a realist style, Picasso made several portraits of her around 1917, of their son, and of numerous friends. In the early 1920s he did tranquil, neoclassical pictures of heavy, sculpturesque figures, an example being Three Women at the Spring, and works inspired by mythology, such as The Pipes of Pan. At the same time, Picasso also created strange pictures of small-headed bathers and violent convulsive portraits of women which are often taken to indicate the tension he experienced in his marriage. Although he stated he was not a surrealist, many of his pictures have a surreal and disturbing quality, as in Sleeping Woman in Armchair and Seated Bather. Paintings of the Early 1930s Several cubist paintings of the early 1930s, stressing harmonious, curvilinear lines and expressing an underlying eroticism, reflect Picassos pleasure with his newest love, Marie Th?r?se Walter, who gave birth to their daughter Ma?a in 1935. Marie Th?r?se, frequently portrayed sleeping, also was the model for the famous Girl Before a Mirror. In 1935 Picasso made the etching Minotauromachy, a major work combining his minotaur and bullfight themes; in it the disemboweled horse, as well as the bull, prefigure the imagery of Guernica, a mural often called the most important single work of the 20th century. GuernicaPicasso was moved to paint the huge mural Guernica shortly after German planes, acting on orders from Spains authoritarian leader Francisc o Franco, bombarded the Basque town of Guernica on April 26, 1937, during the Spanish civil war. Completed in less than two months, Guernica was hung in the Spanish Pavilion of the Paris International Exposition of 1937. The painting does not portray the event; rather, Picasso expressed his outrage by employing such imagery as the bull, the dying horse, a fallen warrior, a mother and dead child, a woman trapped in a burning building, another rushing into the scene, and a figure leaning from a window and holding out a lamp. Despite the complexity of its symbolism, and the impossibility of definitive interpretation, Guernica makes an overwhelming impact in its portrayal of the horrors of war. World War II and After Picassos palette grew somber with the onset of World War II (1939-1945), and death is the subject of numerous works, such as Still Life with Steers Skull and The Charnel House. He formed a new liaison during the 1940s with the painter Fran?oise Gilot who bore him two childr en, Claude and Paloma; they appear in many works that recapitulate his earlier styles. The last of Picassos companions to be portrayed was Jacqueline Roque, whom he met in 1953 and married in 1961. He then spent much of his time in southern France. Late Works: RecapitulationMany of Picassos later pictures were based on works by great masters of the past—Diego Velazquez, Gustave Courbet, Eugene Delacroix, and Edouard Manet. In addition to painting, Picasso worked in various media, making hundreds of lithographs in the renowned Paris graphics workshop, Atelier Mourlot. Ceramics also engaged his interest, and in 1947, in Vallauris, he produced nearly 2000 pieces. summary Throughout Picassos lifetime, his work was exhibited on countless occasions. Most unusual, however, was the 1971 exhibition at the Louvre, in Paris, honoring him on his 90th birthday; until then, living artists had not been shown there. In 1980 a major retrospective showing of his work was held at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. Picasso died in his villa Notre-Dame-de-Vie near Mougins on April 8, 1973. BibliographyPablo picassoAnd his Artistic Life A report byterra hardmanIntroductionPablo Picasso was a Spanish painter and sculptor, generally considered the greatest artist of the 20th century. He was unique as an inventor of forms, as an innovator of styles and techniques, as a master of various media, and as one of the most prolific artists in history. He created more than 20,000 works. Picassos genius manifested itself early: at the age of 10 he made his first paintings, and at 15 he performed brilliantly on the entrance examinations to Barcelonas School of Fine Arts. .uf02f75a9d3996dac88729b34641e9a4b , .uf02f75a9d3996dac88729b34641e9a4b .postImageUrl , .uf02f75a9d3996dac88729b34641e9a4b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf02f75a9d3996dac88729b34641e9a4b , .uf02f75a9d3996dac88729b34641e9a4b:hover , .uf02f75a9d3996dac88729b34641e9a4b:visited , .uf02f75a9d3996dac88729b34641e9a4b:active { border:0!important; } .uf02f75a9d3996dac88729b34641e9a4b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf02f75a9d3996dac88729b34641e9a4b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf02f75a9d3996dac88729b34641e9a4b:active , .uf02f75a9d3996dac88729b34641e9a4b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf02f75a9d3996dac88729b34641e9a4b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf02f75a9d3996dac88729b34641e9a4b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf02f75a9d3996dac88729b34641e9a4b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf02f75a9d3996dac88729b34641e9a4b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf02f75a9d3996dac88729b34641e9a4b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf02f75a9d3996dac88729b34641e9a4b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf02f75a9d3996dac88729b34641e9a4b .uf02f75a9d3996dac88729b34641e9a4b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf02f75a9d3996dac88729b34641e9a4b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Solar energy EssayFamily lifeBorn in M?laga on October 25, 1881, Picasso was the son of Jos? Ruiz Blasco, an art teacher, and Mar?a Picasso y Lopez. Until 1898 he always used his fathers name, Ruiz, and his mothers maiden name, Picasso, to sign his pictures. After about 1901 he dropped Ruiz and used his mothers maiden name to sign his pictures. His large academic canvas Science and Charity, depicting a doctor, a nun, and a child at a sick womans bedside, won a gold medal. Blue Period Between 1900 and 1902, Picasso made three trips to Paris, finally settling there in 1904. He found the citys bohemian street life fascinating, and his pictures of people in dance halls and caf?s show how he assimilated the postimpressionism of Paul Gauguin and the symbolist painters called the Nabis. The themes of Edgar Degas and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, as well as the style of the latter, exerted the strongest influence. Picassos Blue Room reflects the work of both these painters and, at the same time, shows his evolution toward the Blue Period, so called because various shades of blue dominated his work for the next few years. Expressing human misery, the paintings portray blind figures, beggars, alcoholics, and prostitutes, their somewhat elongated bodies reminiscent of works by the Spanish artist El Greco. Rose Period in Paris, Picasso met Fernande Shortly after settling Olivier, the first of many companions to influence the theme, style, and mood of his work. With this happy relationship, Picasso changed his palette to pinks and reds; the years 1904 and 1905 are thus called the Rose Period. Many of his subjects were drawn from the circus, which he visited several times a week; one such painting is Family of Saltimbanques. In the figure of the harlequin, Picasso represented his alter ego, a practice he repeated in later works as well. Dating from his first decade in Paris are friendships with the poet Max Jacob, the writer Guillaume Apollinaire, the art dealers Ambroise Vollard and Daniel Henry Kahnweiler, and the American expatriate writers Gertrude Stein and her brother Leo, who were his first important patrons; Picasso did portraits of them all. Protocubism In the summer of 1906, during Picassos stay in Gosol, Spain, his work entered a new phase, marked by the influence of Greek, Iberian, and African art. His celebrated portrait of Gertrude Stein reveals a masklike treatment of her face. The key work of this early period, however, is Les demoiselles dAvignon, so radical in style—its picture surface resembling fractured glass—that it was not even understood by contemporary avant-garde painters and critics. Destroyed were spatial depth and the ideal form of the female nude, which Picasso restructured into harsh, angular planes. Cubism—Analytic and Synthetic Inspired by the volumetric treatment of form by the French postimpressionist artist Paul Cezanne, Picasso and the French artist Georges Braque painted landscapes in 1908 in a style later described by a critic as being made of â€Å"little cubes,† thus leading to the term cubism. Some of their paintings are so similar that it is difficult to tell them apart. Working together between 1908 and 1911, they were concerned with breaking down and analyzing form, and together they developed the first phase of cubism, known as analytic cubism. Monochromatic color schemes were favored in their depictions of radically fragmented motifs, whose several sides were shown simultaneously. Picassos favorite subjects were musical instruments, still-life objects, and his friends. In 1912, pasting paper and a piece of oilcloth to the canvas and combining these with painted areas, Picasso created his first collage, Still Life with Chair Caning. This technique marked a transition to synthetic cubism. This second phase of cubism is more decorative, and color plays a major role, although shapes remain fragmented and flat. Picasso was to practice synthetic cubism throughout his career, but by no means exclusively. Cubist Sculpture Picasso created cubist sculptures as well as paintings. He also made constructions—such as Mandolin and Clarinet f rom odds and ends of wood, metal, paper, and nonartistic materials, in which he explored the spatial hypotheses of cubist painting. His Glass of Absinthe, combining a silver sugar strainer with a painted bronze sculpture, anticipates his much later â€Å"found object† creations, such as Baboon and Young, as well as pop art objects of the 1960s. Realist and Surrealist Works During World War I (1914-1918), Picasso went to Rome, working as a designer with Sergey Diaghilev and the Ballets Russes. He met and married the dancer Olga Koklova. In a realist style, Picasso made several portraits of her around 1917, of their son, and of numerous friends. In the early 1920s he did tranquil, neoclassical pictures of heavy, sculpturesque figures, an example being Three Women at the Spring, and works inspired by mythology, such as The Pipes of Pan. At the same time, Picasso also created strange pictures of small-headed bathers and violent convulsive portraits of women which are often taken to indicate the tension he experienced in his marriage. Although he stated he was not a surrealist, many of his pictures have a surreal and disturbing quality, as in Sleeping Woman in Armchair and Seated Bather. Paintings of the Early 1930s Several cubist paintings of the early 1930s, stressing harmonious, curvilinear lines and expressing an underlying eroticism, reflect Picassos pleasure with his newest love, Marie Th?r?se Walter, who gave birth to their daughter Ma?a in 1935. Marie Th?r?se, frequently portrayed sleeping, also was the model for the famous Girl Before a Mirror. In 1935 Picasso made the etching Minotauromachy, a major work combining his minotaur and bullfight themes; in it the disemboweled horse, as well as the bull, prefigure the imagery of Guernica, a mural often called the most important single work of the 20th century. GuernicaPicasso was moved to paint the huge mural Guernica shortly after German planes, acting on orders from Spains authoritarian leader Francisc o Franco, bombarded the Basque town of Guernica on April 26, 1937, during the Spanish civil war. Completed in less than two months, Guernica was hung in the Spanish Pavilion of the Paris International Exposition of 1937. The painting does not portray the event; rather, Picasso expressed his outrage by employing such imagery as the bull, the dying horse, a fallen warrior, a mother and dead child, a woman trapped in a burning building, another rushing into the scene, and a figure leaning from a window and holding out a lamp. Despite the complexity of its symbolism, and the impossibility of definitive interpretation, Guernica makes an overwhelming impact in its portrayal of the horrors of war. World War II and After Picassos palette grew somber with the onset of World War II (1939-1945), and death is the subject of numerous works, such as Still Life with Steers Skull and The Charnel House. He formed a new liaison during the 1940s with the painter Fran?oise Gilot who bore him two childr en, Claude and Paloma; they appear in many works that recapitulate his earlier styles. The last of Picassos companions to be portrayed was Jacqueline Roque, whom he met in 1953 and married in 1961. He then spent much of his time in southern France. Late Works: RecapitulationMany of Picassos later pictures were based on works by great masters of the past—Diego Velazquez, Gustave Courbet, Eugene Delacroix, and Edouard Manet. In addition to painting, Picasso worked in various media, making hundreds of lithographs in the renowned Paris graphics workshop, Atelier Mourlot. Ceramics also engaged his interest, and in 1947, in Vallauris, he produced nearly 2000 pieces. summary Throughout Picassos lifetime, his work was exhibited on countless occasions. Most unusual, however, was the 1971 exhibition at the Louvre, in Paris, honoring him on his 90th birthday; until then, living artists had not been shown there. In 1980 a major retrospective showing of his work was held at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. Picasso died in his villa Notre-Dame-de-Vie near Mougins on April 8, 1973. Arts Essays

Employment Relations Sample Solution on Definition & Concept

Question: Identify an employment relations issue in your current workplace (or an organisation you have recently worked in). Answer: Literature review Employee relations dates back to the 1800s .This was a period characterized by industrial revolution which hit Europe and America and saw a rise of a great deal of industries which subsequently led to the rise in demand for human labor to work in these industries. In effect the increase in the demand of labor came with a number of challenges touching on the lives of employees. These included poor working conditions, bad employee employer relations where by employees were treated as objects without feelings in the industries and were unfairly remunerated which largely affected the lives of the working class. In the Australian context Industrial relations concept was first .introduced in the early 1860s and 1870s.The passage of the trade unions act in the 19th Century enabled employees to engage in collective bargaining with their employers regarding their pay and working conditions. With various legislations being put in place and the Trade unions bargaining on behalf of the employees, their working conditions have continued to improve. The issue of pay and employee benefits has been an issue of great concern in many parts world. Any country can experience this issue irrespective of the regulations put in place to govern the employee employer relations. So basically pay and benefits related concerns are issues of concerns worldwide and are not a preserve for any country. Introduction Employee pay or remuneration denotes the amount of compensation that an employee receives from the employer regarding the work that they offer. It is a compensation for their efforts .Employees remuneration should be reasonable and fair and in accordance to the work performed by the employees. According to various labor regulations employees should not be underpaid for the services offered to the employer. But rather they should be fairly to motivate them yet further. On the other hand employee benefits are those benefits that accrue to an employee for being part of a given business entity or organization. They are monetary or no monetary compensation packages offered to employees. Employee benefits vary from firm to firm and may depend on factors such as the financial strength of a firm. However there those that are a requirement under various laws and regulations such as paid leaves. Employee benefits play a great role in the motivation of employees for them to perform their duties efficiently. Significance With the rise of more legislation safeguarding the employees against unfair treatment by the employers, employees are bound to rise up and demand for their right guaranteed by the law. They can achieve this trough legal action or other means that are allowed under labor laws. Employee remuneration paly significant role in the success of business and any business entity that remunerates its employees and offers then competitive benefits will have a competitive advantage over its competitors unlike those that do not. In Particular sound employee compensation and benefits have a great impact on the productivity of the employee. According to the various motivation theories any form of motivation will have a significant positive impact on an individual so if these employees are provided with various benefits and are well remunerated they are likely to be positively motivated which will mean that they will do their assigned tasks whole heartedly which will have a significant impact on their productivity and the productivity of the company as a whole. Without these put in place, a company can significantly deteriorate in its operations. Various labor laws have been developed to guide the conduct of the employer towards the employee; among them are those that regulate the compensation and the various benefits that are guaranteed to the employees by the law. If these requirements are not met by the employer, the law allows the employee to take a legal action against the employer by presenting the labor dispute to an industrial court. This is never healthy for any business enterprise as it has a significant impact on the reputation of the organization in the public eye, a company should take care of the employee remuneration and other benefits to avoid any legal hurdles that are likely to have an impact on its reputation. Employee turnover denotes the rate at which employee move from one employer to another in pursuit for better employment terms. Employees will often be on the move as they search for personal fulfillment career wise with regard to competitive benefits. Better compensation and other work related benefits will ensure that employees do not move from one organization to another. Companies that have high employee turnover usually have a bad reputation in the minds of the public and that will negatively impact on their operations. On the other had retention of employee plays a significant role in the success of organizations. It denotes the process by which qualified and experienced employees are retained in their present organizations for long duration of time. An organization that provides competitive remuneration and benefits for its employees will face less employee turnover which means that they will be able to retain the best talents which will work to their advantage over their competitors and their performance and overall output will not be affected. It is significant therefore those employees are provided with good working terms including competitive salaries and other benefits for them to remain with their present employers. An organization that has good and effective working relations with its employees will have a good image among the members of the public and among the potential qualified employees out in the market. This means that it will be in a position attracting the most qualified talents in the market as employees will always want to associate with the nest employers in the market. Its Significant therefore that an employer provide fair wages and other benefits to their employees to maintain a good public image and be in a position of attracting the best candidate in the market which will have a significant impact in its operations. Manifestations In the workplace unfavorable or unfair compensation packages can be manifested in a number of ways on the part of the employees. Based on the case of 7 Eleven, It was quite possible to identify an employee who was not paid well or denied other benefits based on how employees were conducting themselves in the various tasks assigned to them or generally in their places of work. This was manifested in a number of ways that were quite explicit. Among them was trough low productivity of employees. Unmotivated employees will often lack the zeal to perform the tasks assigned to them to the best of their abilities. This will have a negative impact on their output which will be witnessed also in the overall reduction in the productivity of the organizations that they work for this also has the potential of bringing down organizations which hitherto had been thriving in their operations.in the case of 7 eleven low productivity was a real issue which threatened the survival of the company and had it not been handled in a timely manner it could have been disastrous. Another manifestation was through a decline in the profit margins of the organization. The profitability of organizations to a large extent depends on the human resources working for it. If various legal regulations guiding their works are met these employees will often have a high driving force in their undertakings. The profitability of the organizations prior to encountering pay related issues with its employees had been relatively steady, however with the emergence of these issues the profitability went down considerably. This signifies the fact that if employees are paid well and provided with other benefits, their performance levels will remain high meaning that the profitability margins of any organization will not be affected. Due to the problems experienced a number of employees who were demotivated and quite unsatisfied with their working conditions, left the organization for other organizations with better employment terms. So the issue was manifested through employee turnover which left the organization without some of its best talents. This had a significant impact on its competitiveness which worked to the advantage of the competitors. Employees grievances related to their pay and other matters pertaining their employment can also be manifested through their work output. Motivated employees will display high levels of performance. However in the case of employees who are dissatisfied with their working conditions, go slows are one of the ways of expressing their dissatisfaction .In the case of 7 Eleven, there was a considerable intentional decline in the performance of employees. Employees chose to work at slower rates than before which affected the amount of output. Another way in which employees lack of better salaries and employee benefits can be manifested through an increase in the absenteeism case among the employees .Employees just like any other human beings need something to drive them to act .If a positive action is positively and fairly rewarded it be repeated often while if a positive action is repeated and there is no positive rewards for the action it will be avoided. If therefore employees are not paid well even after putting all their efforts into their assigned tasks and including their coming to work every day, they will be demoralized in such a way that they will occasionally avoid reporting to work because they lack a motivating factor. A couple of employees working for 7 eleven recorded high cases of absenteeism which kept on increasing until when they decided to quit the organization. Causes poor remunerations and lack of competitive employee benefits Remunerations and employee benefits differ from organization to organization. There are those organizations that have very attractive compensation packages for various positions as well as other employee benefits while to others these employees benefits and attractive salaries are lacking. However there are quite a number of reasons why there exists lack of uniformity in the compensation rates among different business entities. These are some of the factors that prohibit some organizations from compensating their employees competitively. These factors can be either external or internal to the organization and can be within or out of the control of organizations. Such causes include: Ability to pay. This is basically the companys or organizations financial muscle or the amount of wealth owned by the organization. A companys financial strength can be attributed to a number of factors among them the size of the market that it covers. Companies serving large geographical areas will in most case have a large customer base which in effect will result to increased profits for the company which means it can pay its employees well. It can also be determined by the companys industry. There are those business ventures that are quite profitable to venture into while others are not that profitable. For example a communication service providing company or a company that deals with gold products can make more money than a company manufacturing chicken feeds. Losses. Losses can also be another cause of poor employee remunerations in some organizations. Specifically if a company or organization continuously makes losses for a long period of time, this can attribute to its inability to pay its employees well because of lack of adequate finances to run its operations. Consequently if as a result of employees negligence the company makes huge losses there could be a necessity of revising the employees salaries for the organization to be able to cater for these losses. Availability of Labour: Just like goods and services, Labour is also affected by the forces of demand and supply, this means that the compensations for Labor will also be affected by these forces of demand in that the higher the supply or the availability of labor in the market, the lower the compensation rates, consequently the lower the supply of labor into the market, the higher the compensation rates. So, poor employee remunerations alongside lack of or poor employee benefits could be attributed to these forces to a great extent. Organizations compensation policies: Some organizations have set policies in such a way that employees salaries should not go beyond certain set limits, these policies apply to all employees. On the other hand employees expect salary increment from time to time and incase it reaches to a point where the employees do not expect any further increment in their salaries issues could arise which could jeopardize the operations of an organization. Therefore low salaries and benefits for employees could be as result of these policies. Employees skills and experience: In most cases employees salaries will be directly proportional to the level of competence and the level of experience. In most case you will find employees doing the same tasks but earning different salaries. This is because they possess different skills and capabilities. If therefore a company has employees who possess low skills or who are not quite competent, and particularly if this is reflected in their performance levels, where they are quite low or do not meet the required standards, this could be a cause of low remunerations and lack of other benefits. Increase in the Cost of direct inputs: An increase in the cost of direct inputs into the production process such as raw materials could have an impact in on the employees salaries. Particularly if the increased cost cannot be catered for by an increase in the price of goods and services, the management could result to reviewing of employees in order for it not to occur losses. This would also include withdrawing of other employees benefits like paid holidays and leaves. Impact on the work place Unfulfilled employee expectations such as poor wages and lack of other employee benefits can affect the work place in a number of ways. First there is likely to be poor coordination of activities because most of the employees will not pay so much attention to the work that they will be performing. This means that some tasks will not be done satisfactorily or others will be left undone. Consequently antagonism is likely to result among the employee and their supervisors especially where the supervisors require the employees to perform certain tasks and the employees are not willing to or they defy these orders. This Will have major impact in the operations of the organization in those tasks will not be performed in a timely and effective manner. Consequently it will lead to an increase in the customer related complaints attributed to poor services offered by the organization .This will lead to a loss in customer confidence in the organization as well, as loss of customers who will shift their allegiance to other organizations where they feel that that the services offered are worth their money. Impact on the society The Society is the immediate beneficiary or loser in case an organization becomes productive or unproductive. Where by an organization is progressing well business wise, it will play its corporate social responsibility role effectively by sponsoring various community based programs that are aimed at improving or making better their lives. This could be through the creation of social amenities provision of water services among other important social services. It could also sponsor educational programs by providing scholarships to needy students within the communitys. In case of a situation where there is instability within such organizations, the society will be the biggest loser because these services will be withdrawn because of lack of adequate finances to support them. Also they will be affected the companys role of environmental conservation may be neglected. Recommendations A company involved in pay related tussles with its employees should adopt a negotiation technique where they bring the employees and the management on a negotiation table and try to create an understanding based on the prevailing circumstances. Consequently they can look for a mediator to mediate over the issue to ensure that it does not get out of hand. References: Sims, R. R. (2007). Human resource management: Contemporary issues, challenges and opportunities. Greenwich, Conn: Information Age Publ Lussier, P. R. N. (2015). Human Resource Management: Functions, Applications, and Skill Development. New York: Sage Publications, Inc. Price, A. (2011). Human resource management. Andover: Cengage Learning EMEA. Pynes, J. (2013). Human resources management for public and nonprofit organizations: A strategic approach. Noe, R. A. (2013). Fundamentals of human resource management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Burke, R. J., Cooper, C. L. (2012). Human resource management in the nonprofit sector: Passion, purpose and professionalism. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Lengnick-Hall, M. L., Lengnick-Hall, C. A. (2003). Human resource management in the knowledge economy: New challenges, new roles, new capabilities. San Francisco, Calif: Berrett-Koehler. Miner, J. B., Crane, D. P. (1995). Human resource management: The strategic perspective. New York: Harper Collins College. Buhler, P. (2010). Human Resources Management: All the Information You Need to Manage Your Staff and Meet Your Business Objectives. Cincinnati: F+W Media. Arthur, D. (2004). Fundamentals of human resources management. New York, N.Y: American Management Association. Aswathappa, K. (2013). Human resource management: Text and cases. New Delhi: McGraw Hill Education. Collings, D. G., Wood, G. (2009). Human resource management: A critical approach. London: Routledge. Chelladurai, P. (2006). Human resource management in sport and recreation. Leeds: Human Kinetics. Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W. (2012). Handbook of research on comparative human resource management. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Marchington, M., Wilkinson, A. (2006). Human resource management at work: People management and development. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Noe, R. A. (2013). Fundamentals of human resource management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Burke, R. J., Cooper, C. L. (2012). Human resource management in the nonprofit sector: Passion, purpose and professionalism. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Losey, M., Meisinger, S., Ulrich, D. (2007). The Future of Human Resource Management: 64 Thought Leaders Explore the Critical HR Issues of Today and Tomorrow. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. In Ehnert, I., In Harry, W., In Zink, K. J. (2014). Sustainability and human resource management: Developing sustainable business organizations. Sims, R. R. (2002). Organizational success through effective human resources management. Westport, Ct: Quorum Books. Lengnick-Hall, M. L., Lengnick-Hall, C. A. (2003). Human resource management in the knowledge economy: New challenges, new roles, new capabilities. San Francisco, Calif: Berrett-Koehler. Baker, J. R., Doran, M. S. (2007). Human resource management: A problem-solving approach linked to ISLLC standards. Lanham, Md: Rowman Littlefield Education. Truss, C., Mankin, D., Kelliher, C. (2012). Strategic human resource management. Oxford: Oxford University Press.